10MW级深冷液化空气储能发电系统自动启动控制方法研究

以10 MW级深冷液化空气储能发电系统为研究对象,简要介绍了技术原理、系统构成、主要设备及工艺流程,并从自动控制视角,分别设计了储、释能阶段的启动方法。基于该自动启动方法,可完成储能阶段空气净化及压缩、空气液化、储热和蓄冷子系统的联合运行以及释能阶段储热、蓄冷和膨胀发电子系统的联合运行,实现了储能阶段自动达到额定出液量及释能阶段自动满足额定发电量的需求,提高了能量型机械储能系统对电网负荷变化的响应速度。     

汽爆秸秆对磷矿粉溶解作用及其溶解残渣对小麦生长的影响

为探究生物质对磷矿粉的溶解作用，以玉米秸秆为原料，利用蒸汽爆破（汽爆）技术释放有机酸，在高温水热条件下溶解磷矿粉并制备含磷腐殖酸。通过实验对汽爆秸秆溶解磷矿粉工艺进行了探究及优化，并利用傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线荧光光谱（XRF）进行分析和表征。研究结果表明：15 g汽爆秸秆与1 g磷矿粉以及75 mL水在170℃、加入10% CaCl₂的条件下，反应3 h的溶磷量为1.46 mg/g（以秸秆质量计，下同）。加入与磷矿粉相同质量的NaHSO₄后可使体系pH值降低至2，pH值的降低是磷溶出的关键因素，溶磷量提高为13.10 mg/g。溶磷后的秸秆制备腐殖酸作为小麦盆栽肥料，用量0.2%时，小麦株高、根长、叶绿素含量和相对电导率均显著高于空白组。     

基于模糊分析法的合肥市水资源承载力评价

以合肥市为例,选取人均水资源量、年产水模数、人均供水量、植被覆盖率、日生活用水量、万元GDP用水量、万元工业增加值需水量、人口密度、城市化率、农田灌溉定额、水资源开发利用率、人均GDP、污水排放达标率、水功能区达标率、生态用水率15个指标,在建立合肥市水资源承载力评价指标体系及等级标准体系的基础上,构建模糊分析模型并借助Matlab工具计算隶属度、确定指标权重,进而计算2013~2017年水资源承载等级,获得了合肥市水资源承载力情况,计算结果对合肥市水资源开发利用具有一定的参考意义。     

Power flow calculation for a distribution system with multi-port PETs: an improved AC-DC decoupling iterative method

Recently, power electronic transformers (PETs) have received widespread attention owing to their flexible networking, diverse operating modes, and abundant control objects. In this study, we established a steady-state model of PETs and applied it to the power flow calculation of AC–DC hybrid systems with PETs, considering the topology, power balance, loss, and control characteristics of multi-port PETs. To address new problems caused by the introduction of the PET port and control equations to the power flow calculation, this study proposes an iterative method of AC–DC mixed power flow decoupling based on step optimization, which can achieve AC–DC decoupling and effectively improve convergence. The results show that the proposed algorithm improves the iterative method and overcomes the overcorrection and initial value sensitivity problems of conventional iterative algorithms.     

Optimal filtering and control for wireless networked closed-loop control systems

This article studies the optimal filtering and control for wireless networked control systems (WNCSs). In WNCSs, packets may be lost in both control and feedback channels and user datagram protocol is usually used to improve the performance of the real-time control. Relevant literature indicates that the conventional optimal filtering for such a system cannot be applied in practice due to the complex calculation with Gaussian mixtures. This paper proposes a novel scheme to realize the optimal filtering and the linear quadratic Gaussian control for WNCSs, in which the controlled node performs a local estimation and the remote-control node performs the final estimation and control, and a synchronization of two estimators is guaranteed by a communication mechanism. An optimal filtering algorithm is developed, the stability condition of the filtering error covariance is obtained, optimal finite-horizon and infinite-horizon control are derived, and the stability of the closed-loop control system is proved. Numerical simulations show the validity and feasibility of the theoretical results.     

Experimental investigation of power management and control of a PV/wind/fuel cell/battery hybrid energy system microgrid

This paper presents an experimental study of a standalone hybrid microgrid system. The latter is dedicated to remote area applications. The system is a compound that utilizes renewable sources that are Wind Generator (WG), Solar Array (SA), Fuel Cell (FC) and Energy Storage System (ESS) using a battery. The power electronic converters play a very important role in the system; they optimize the control and energy management techniques of the various sources. For wind and solar subsystem, the speed and Single Input Fuzzy Logic (SIFL) controllers are used respectively to harvest the maximum power point tracking (MPPT). To maintain a balance of energy in the hybrid system, an energy management strategy based on the battery state of charge (SOC) has been developed and implemented experimentally. The AC output voltage regulation was achieved using a Proportional Integral (PI) controller to supply a resistive load with constant amplitude and frequency. According to the obtained performances, it was concluded that the proposed system is very promising for potential applications in hybrid renewable energy management systems.     

苏通GIL运输专用机具动力电池类型探讨

GIL运输专用机具是为安全、可靠、高效地完成苏通GIL综合管廊工程GIL单元的运输任务而研制的专用机具,其中动力电池系统设计是整机设计的重点之一。通过对各种常见动力电池优缺点的分析,并结合苏通GIL运输专用机具对动力电池的需求分析,确定了动力电池系统的技术路线,为苏通GIL运输专用机具的研制提供了坚实的基础。     

并联有源滤波器的改进重复控制策略研究

针对三相整流负载产生的6k±1次谐波,提出静止坐标系下的改进型6k±1重复控制策略。同时将比例控制与改进型重复控制相结合,设计改进重复控制并联比例的复合控制结构。为减小改进重复控制中延时环节不为整数的影响,采用基于Lagrange插值近似的FIR滤波器逼近分数延时特性。最后对系统进行稳定性分析和详细设计方法进行推导。通过Matlab仿真验证改进重复控制策略能有效跟踪6k±1次谐波且具有良好的补偿效果,动态响应较快。     

Experimental study on gas–liquid dispersion and mass transfer in shear-thinning system with coaxial mixer

The effects of impeller type, stirring power, gas flow rate, and liquid concentration on the gas–liquid mixing in a shear-thinning system with a coaxial mixer were investigated by experiment, and the overall gas holdup, relative power demand, and volumetric mass transfer coefficient under different conditions were compared. The results show that, the increasing stirring power or gas flow rate is beneficial in promoting the overall gas holdup and volumetric mass transfer coefficient, while the increasing system viscosity weakens the mass transfer in a shearing–thinning system. Among the three turbines, the six curved-blade disc turbine (BDT-6) exhibits the best gas pumping capacity; the six 45° pitched-blade disc turbine (PBDT-6) has the highest volumetric mass transfer coefficient at the same unit volume power.     

CMC jackets for metallic pipes – A novel approach to prevent the creep deformation of thermo-mechanically loaded metals

Steel materials suffer extensive creep by the application at temperatures of about 700?°C and pressures about 350?bar in a power plant environment. The presented concept overwraps a steel pipe with a ceramic matrix composite (CMC) jacket in order to support the steel pipe and provide high temperature strength. Finite Element simulations show the influence of the wall thickness of CMC jacket and the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) on circumferential stresses within the hybrid metal ceramic pipe. Suitable fiber and matrix materials were studied, composites fabricated and mechanical properties determined. Finally, a prototype was designed in order to confirm the feasibility of the concept. The lifetime of a pure steel pipe was increased by more than four-fold by the additional CMC jacket.